3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)

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3.1  希尔《不列颠草药志》

约翰·希尔(约1714—1775)是英国作家和植物学家,其《植物系统》(The Vegetable System)是英国最早使用林奈命名法的著作之一。希尔最初是一名药剂师,在业余时间研究植物学,而后为里士满公爵(Duke of Richmond)和彼得勋爵(Lord Petre)工作,旅行并收集珍稀植物;在此之后,为补贴生计,他转而成为几家杂志、报纸的编辑和专栏作者。《植物系统》于1759–1775年间陆续出版,包含了约1600张铜版插图。

在药用植物方面,希尔著有《不列颠草药志》,该书于1756至1757年间出版,书中将多种植物的图像印制到一张图版上。同时,该书并未采用林奈的双名法,多采用药学家的旧称。此书除了记载英国本土药用植物之外,也记述了许多异国植物。

 

3.1.1  没药芹等

3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)-Picture1

第一行:

“Great Hercules Allheal”:Opopanax chironium W. D. J. Koch

“Black Libanotis”:Seseli libanotis (L.) W. D. J. Koch

“Common Dill”:Anethum graveolens L.

“Broad-leaved Thapsia”:Thapsia villosa L.

第二行:

“Narrow-leaved Fennel-Giant”:Ferula communis L.

“Broad-leaved Fennel-Giant”:Ferula ferulago L.

“Laserwort”:Laserpitium gallicum L.

“Common Cummin”:Cuminum cyminum L.

第三行:

“Masterwort”:Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W. D. J. Koch

“Lovage”:Levisticum officinale W. D. J. Koch

“Sermountain”:Laserpitium siler L.

“Common Skirret”:Sium sisarum L.

“Common Anise”:Pimpinella anisum L.

第四行:

“Common Parsley”:Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss

“Common Bishops Weed”:Ammi majus L.

“Spanish Toothpick”:Visnaga daucoides Gaertn.

“Candy Daucus”:Athamanta cretensis L.

“Umbelliferous Pellitory”:Pseudohandelia umbellifera (Boiss.) Tzvelev

“Black Masterwort”:Astrantia major L.

 

3.1.2  穗菝葜等

3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)-Picture2

第一行:

“Red-berried Smilax, with angulated stalks”:Smilax aspera L.

“The Sarsaparilla Plant”:Smilax glauca Walter

“The China Plant”:Smilax china L.

“Berrybearing Angelica”:Aralia racemosa L.

“Mandrake”:Mandragora officinarum L.

第二行:

“May-Apple”:Podophyllum peltatum L.

“Common Winter-Cherry”:Alkekengi officinarum Moench

“Sleepy Nightshade”:Atropa bella-donna L.

“Woolly Winter-Cherry”:Physalis viscosa L.

第三行:

“Many-flowered Hairy Winter-Cherry”:Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

“Broad-leaved Arisarum”:Arisarum vulgare O. Targ. Tozz.

“Narrow-leaved Arisarum”:Biarum tenuifolium (L.) Schott

“Common Dragon”:Dracunculus vulgaris Schott

第四行:

“American Dragon”:Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott

“Water Dragon”:Calla palustris L.

“Long-leaved Alexandrian Laurel”:Danae racemosa (L.) Moench

“Broad-leaved Alexandrian Laurel”:Ruscus hypoglossum L.

 

3.1.3  野苜蓿等

3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)-Picture3

第一行

“Yellow Medick, with flat, wreathed pods”:Medicago falcata L.

“Common Heart-Trefoil”:Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.

“Little Hedgehog Trefoil”:Medicago minima (L.) Bartal.

“Prickly-edged Medick”:Medicago polymorpha L.

“Lucorne”:Medicago sativa L.

第二行

“Snail-Trefoil”:Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill.

“Caterpillar-Trefoil”:Medicago rigidula (L.) All.

“Moon-Trefoil”:Medicago radiata L.

“Srubby Moon-Trefoil”:Medicago arborea L.

第三行

“Common Birdsfoot Trefoil”:Lotus corniculatus L.

“Square-podded Lotus”:Lotus tetragonolobus L.

“Small square-podded Lotus”:Lotus maritimus L.

“Great-podded Lotus”:Lotus edulis L.

第四行

“Cluster-flowered Lotus”:Lotus rectus L.

“Great-flowered woolly Lotus”:Lotus sp. (或亦为Lotus creticus L.)

“Bushy-top'd white Lotus”:Lotus dorycnium L.

“Long-podded Lotus”:Lotus creticus L.

“Hairy, white-flowered Lotus”:Lotus hirsutus L.

“Great scarlet-flowered Lotus”:Lotus sp.

 

3.1.4  细毛菊等

3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)-Picture4

第一行:

“Common Creeping Mouse-Ear”:Pilosella officinarum Vaill.

“Common Dandelion”:Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg.

“Rough Dandelion”:Leontodon hispidus L.

“Narrow-leaved Mountain Dandelion”:Hieracium glaucum All.

“Common Goats-Beard”:Tragopogon pratensis L.

第二行:

“Purple Goats-Beard”:Tragopogon porrifolius L.

“Wild Succory”:Cichorium endivia L.

“Common Nipplewort”:Lapsana communis L.

“Swines Succory”:Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Korte

第三行:

“Common Lettuce”:Lactuca sativa L.

“Blue-flowered Gum-Succory”:Lactuca perennis L.

“Tall, narrow-leaved Scorzonera”:Scorzonera purpurea L.

“Common Endive”:Cichorium intybus L.

“Common Coltsfoot”:Tussilago farfara L.

第四行:

“Alpine Coltsfoot”:Homogyne alpina (L.) Cass.

“Middle Fleabane”:Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh.

“Small Fleabane”:Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn.

“Jagged Fleabane”:Tephroseris palustris (L.) Schrenk ex Rchb.

 

3.1.5  唇萼薄荷等

3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)-Picture5

第一行

“Common Pennyroyal”:Mentha pulegium L.

“Common Water Hoarhound”:Lycopus europaeus L.

“Common Vervain”:Verbena officinalis L.

“Common Wild Marjoram”:Origanum vulgare L.

第二行

“Pot Marjoram”:Origanum onites L.

“Long-spiked Marjoram”:Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum (Martrin-Donos) Nyman

“Wild Seebright”:Salvia pratensis L.

“Broad-leaved Wild Clary”:Salvia verbenaca L.

“Garden Clary”:Salvia sclarea L.

第三行

“Hedge Nettle”:Stachys palustris L.

“Hedge Nettle with Variegated Flowers”:Galeopsis tetrahit L.

“Catmint”:Nepeta cataria L.

“Small Catmint”:Nepeta italica L.

第四行

“Wood Betony”:Betonica officinalis L.

“Base Hoarhound”:Stachys germanica L.

“Wild Basil”:Clinopodium vulgare L.

“Common Selfheal”:Prunella vulgaris L.

 

3.1.6  泻根等

3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)-Picture6

第一行

“Common White Bryony”:Bryonia alba L.

“White Black Bryony”:Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin

“Common Herb-Christopher”:Actaea spicata L.

“Tall American Herb-Christopher”:Actaea racemosa L.

第二行

“Red Berried Herb-Christopher”:Actaea alba (L.) Mill.

“Common Solomon's Seal”:Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All.

“Large-flowered Solomon's Seal”:Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce

“Branched Solomon's Seal”:Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.

第三行

“Narrow-leaved Solomon's Seal”:Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All.

“Lilly of the Valley”:Convallaria majalis L.

“One Blade”:Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt

“Herb Truelove”:Paris quadrifolia L.

“Trifoliate Truelove”:Trillium erectum L.

第四行

“Marsh Whortle Berry”:Vaccinium oxycoccos L.

“Tuberous Moschatell”:Adoxa moschatellina L.

“Common Asparagus”:Asparagus officinalis L.

“Prickly Asparagus”:Asparagus acutifolius L.

“Starry-leaved Asparagus”:Asparagus retrofractus L.

 

3.1.7  碎米荠等

3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)-Picture7

第一行

“Trifoliate Toothwort”:Cardamine enneaphyllos (L.) Crantz

“Seven-leaved Toothwort”:Cardamine heptaphylla (Vill.) O. E. Schulz

“Five-leaved Toothwort”:Cardamine pentaphyllos (L.) Crantz

“Single-leaved Toothwort”:Cardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz

第二行

“Broad leaved Arabis”:Arabis alpina L.

“Long-leaved Arabis”:Arabis thaliana L.

“Common Woad”:Isatis tinctoria L.

“Red, five-leaved Sinapistrum”:Cleome gynandra L.

“Smooth Crambe”:Crambe maritima L.

第三行

“Sea-rocket”:Cakile maritima Scop.

“Rough-podded Crambe”:Bunias erucago L.

“Honesty”:Lunaria annua L.

“Lunar Violet with oblong pods”:Lunaria rediviva L.

“Common Withlow-grass”:Draba verna L.

第四行

“Branched Withlow-grass”:Draba muralis L.

“Yellow Alpine Withlow-grass”:Draba alpina L.

“Branched Yellow Withlow-grass”:Draba nemorosa L.

“Common Shepherds Purse”:Capsella bursa-pastoris  (L.) Medik.

 

3.1.8  金絮衣等

3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)-Picture8

“Yellow dusty byssus”: Chrysothrix candelaris  (L.) J. R. Laundon

“Hairy Riverweed”:Conferva vulgaris (Rabenhorst) Kirchner

“Oyster Ulva”:Ulva lactuca L.

“Common Tree Lichenoides”:Usnea florida (L.) F. H. Wigg

“Branched Coraline Lichenoides”:Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm.

“Common Cup Moss”:Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.

“Grey, crusty Lichenoides”:Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman

“Oak Lungwort”:Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.

“Culster-headed Mnium”:Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwägr.

“Triangular Fontinalis”:Fontinalis antipyretica L. ex Hedw.

“Small headed Hypnum”:Racomitrium microcarpon (Hedw.) Brid.

“Small Polytrichum”:Pogonatum nanum Palisot de Beauvois

“Round-headed Bryum”:Bryum pseudotriquetrum P. G. Gärtner, B. Meyer & Scherbius

“Marsh Sphagnum”:Sphagnum palustre L.

“Upright Selago”:Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart.

“Common Lycopodium”:Lycopodium clavatum L.

“Broad-leaved Lichen”:Melanohalea olivacea (L.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch

“Hemispherick Mushroom”:Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys

“Common Mushroom”:Agaricus bisporus (J. E. Lange) Imbach

“Reticulated Mushroom”:Morchella sp.

“Phalloide Mushroom”:Phallus impudicus L.

“Common Coraline”:Corallina officinalis L.

“Common Sea Fucus”:Fucus vesiculosus L.

“Sea Ragged Staff”:Alcyonium gelatinosum L.

“Grassy Alga”:Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F. Gray

3.1希尔(John Hill)《不列颠草药志》(The British Herbal)-Picture9

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