3.1 希尔《不列颠草药志》
约翰·希尔(约1714—1775)是英国作家和植物学家,其《植物系统》(The Vegetable System)是英国最早使用林奈命名法的著作之一。希尔最初是一名药剂师,在业余时间研究植物学,而后为里士满公爵(Duke of Richmond)和彼得勋爵(Lord Petre)工作,旅行并收集珍稀植物;在此之后,为补贴生计,他转而成为几家杂志、报纸的编辑和专栏作者。《植物系统》于1759–1775年间陆续出版,包含了约1600张铜版插图。
在药用植物方面,希尔著有《不列颠草药志》,该书于1756至1757年间出版,书中将多种植物的图像印制到一张图版上。同时,该书并未采用林奈的双名法,多采用药学家的旧称。此书除了记载英国本土药用植物之外,也记述了许多异国植物。
3.1.1 没药芹等
第一行:
“Great Hercules Allheal”:Opopanax chironium W. D. J. Koch
“Black Libanotis”:Seseli libanotis (L.) W. D. J. Koch
“Common Dill”:Anethum graveolens L.
“Broad-leaved Thapsia”:Thapsia villosa L.
第二行:
“Narrow-leaved Fennel-Giant”:Ferula communis L.
“Broad-leaved Fennel-Giant”:Ferula ferulago L.
“Laserwort”:Laserpitium gallicum L.
“Common Cummin”:Cuminum cyminum L.
第三行:
“Masterwort”:Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W. D. J. Koch
“Lovage”:Levisticum officinale W. D. J. Koch
“Sermountain”:Laserpitium siler L.
“Common Skirret”:Sium sisarum L.
“Common Anise”:Pimpinella anisum L.
第四行:
“Common Parsley”:Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss
“Common Bishops Weed”:Ammi majus L.
“Spanish Toothpick”:Visnaga daucoides Gaertn.
“Candy Daucus”:Athamanta cretensis L.
“Umbelliferous Pellitory”:Pseudohandelia umbellifera (Boiss.) Tzvelev
“Black Masterwort”:Astrantia major L.
3.1.2 穗菝葜等
第一行:
“Red-berried Smilax, with angulated stalks”:Smilax aspera L.
“The Sarsaparilla Plant”:Smilax glauca Walter
“The China Plant”:Smilax china L.
“Berrybearing Angelica”:Aralia racemosa L.
“Mandrake”:Mandragora officinarum L.
第二行:
“May-Apple”:Podophyllum peltatum L.
“Common Winter-Cherry”:Alkekengi officinarum Moench
“Sleepy Nightshade”:Atropa bella-donna L.
“Woolly Winter-Cherry”:Physalis viscosa L.
第三行:
“Many-flowered Hairy Winter-Cherry”:Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
“Broad-leaved Arisarum”:Arisarum vulgare O. Targ. Tozz.
“Narrow-leaved Arisarum”:Biarum tenuifolium (L.) Schott
“Common Dragon”:Dracunculus vulgaris Schott
第四行:
“American Dragon”:Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott
“Water Dragon”:Calla palustris L.
“Long-leaved Alexandrian Laurel”:Danae racemosa (L.) Moench
“Broad-leaved Alexandrian Laurel”:Ruscus hypoglossum L.
3.1.3 野苜蓿等
第一行
“Yellow Medick, with flat, wreathed pods”:Medicago falcata L.
“Common Heart-Trefoil”:Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.
“Little Hedgehog Trefoil”:Medicago minima (L.) Bartal.
“Prickly-edged Medick”:Medicago polymorpha L.
“Lucorne”:Medicago sativa L.
第二行
“Snail-Trefoil”:Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill.
“Caterpillar-Trefoil”:Medicago rigidula (L.) All.
“Moon-Trefoil”:Medicago radiata L.
“Srubby Moon-Trefoil”:Medicago arborea L.
第三行
“Common Birdsfoot Trefoil”:Lotus corniculatus L.
“Square-podded Lotus”:Lotus tetragonolobus L.
“Small square-podded Lotus”:Lotus maritimus L.
“Great-podded Lotus”:Lotus edulis L.
第四行
“Cluster-flowered Lotus”:Lotus rectus L.
“Great-flowered woolly Lotus”:Lotus sp. (或亦为Lotus creticus L.)
“Bushy-top'd white Lotus”:Lotus dorycnium L.
“Long-podded Lotus”:Lotus creticus L.
“Hairy, white-flowered Lotus”:Lotus hirsutus L.
“Great scarlet-flowered Lotus”:Lotus sp.
3.1.4 细毛菊等
第一行:
“Common Creeping Mouse-Ear”:Pilosella officinarum Vaill.
“Common Dandelion”:Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg.
“Rough Dandelion”:Leontodon hispidus L.
“Narrow-leaved Mountain Dandelion”:Hieracium glaucum All.
“Common Goats-Beard”:Tragopogon pratensis L.
第二行:
“Purple Goats-Beard”:Tragopogon porrifolius L.
“Wild Succory”:Cichorium endivia L.
“Common Nipplewort”:Lapsana communis L.
“Swines Succory”:Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Korte
第三行:
“Common Lettuce”:Lactuca sativa L.
“Blue-flowered Gum-Succory”:Lactuca perennis L.
“Tall, narrow-leaved Scorzonera”:Scorzonera purpurea L.
“Common Endive”:Cichorium intybus L.
“Common Coltsfoot”:Tussilago farfara L.
第四行:
“Alpine Coltsfoot”:Homogyne alpina (L.) Cass.
“Middle Fleabane”:Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh.
“Small Fleabane”:Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn.
“Jagged Fleabane”:Tephroseris palustris (L.) Schrenk ex Rchb.
3.1.5 唇萼薄荷等
第一行
“Common Pennyroyal”:Mentha pulegium L.
“Common Water Hoarhound”:Lycopus europaeus L.
“Common Vervain”:Verbena officinalis L.
“Common Wild Marjoram”:Origanum vulgare L.
第二行
“Pot Marjoram”:Origanum onites L.
“Long-spiked Marjoram”:Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum (Martrin-Donos) Nyman
“Wild Seebright”:Salvia pratensis L.
“Broad-leaved Wild Clary”:Salvia verbenaca L.
“Garden Clary”:Salvia sclarea L.
第三行
“Hedge Nettle”:Stachys palustris L.
“Hedge Nettle with Variegated Flowers”:Galeopsis tetrahit L.
“Catmint”:Nepeta cataria L.
“Small Catmint”:Nepeta italica L.
第四行
“Wood Betony”:Betonica officinalis L.
“Base Hoarhound”:Stachys germanica L.
“Wild Basil”:Clinopodium vulgare L.
“Common Selfheal”:Prunella vulgaris L.
3.1.6 泻根等
第一行
“Common White Bryony”:Bryonia alba L.
“White Black Bryony”:Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin
“Common Herb-Christopher”:Actaea spicata L.
“Tall American Herb-Christopher”:Actaea racemosa L.
第二行
“Red Berried Herb-Christopher”:Actaea alba (L.) Mill.
“Common Solomon's Seal”:Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All.
“Large-flowered Solomon's Seal”:Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce
“Branched Solomon's Seal”:Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.
第三行
“Narrow-leaved Solomon's Seal”:Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All.
“Lilly of the Valley”:Convallaria majalis L.
“One Blade”:Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt
“Herb Truelove”:Paris quadrifolia L.
“Trifoliate Truelove”:Trillium erectum L.
第四行
“Marsh Whortle Berry”:Vaccinium oxycoccos L.
“Tuberous Moschatell”:Adoxa moschatellina L.
“Common Asparagus”:Asparagus officinalis L.
“Prickly Asparagus”:Asparagus acutifolius L.
“Starry-leaved Asparagus”:Asparagus retrofractus L.
3.1.7 碎米荠等
第一行
“Trifoliate Toothwort”:Cardamine enneaphyllos (L.) Crantz
“Seven-leaved Toothwort”:Cardamine heptaphylla (Vill.) O. E. Schulz
“Five-leaved Toothwort”:Cardamine pentaphyllos (L.) Crantz
“Single-leaved Toothwort”:Cardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz
第二行
“Broad leaved Arabis”:Arabis alpina L.
“Long-leaved Arabis”:Arabis thaliana L.
“Common Woad”:Isatis tinctoria L.
“Red, five-leaved Sinapistrum”:Cleome gynandra L.
“Smooth Crambe”:Crambe maritima L.
第三行
“Sea-rocket”:Cakile maritima Scop.
“Rough-podded Crambe”:Bunias erucago L.
“Honesty”:Lunaria annua L.
“Lunar Violet with oblong pods”:Lunaria rediviva L.
“Common Withlow-grass”:Draba verna L.
第四行
“Branched Withlow-grass”:Draba muralis L.
“Yellow Alpine Withlow-grass”:Draba alpina L.
“Branched Yellow Withlow-grass”:Draba nemorosa L.
“Common Shepherds Purse”:Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
3.1.8 金絮衣等
“Yellow dusty byssus”: Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon
“Hairy Riverweed”:Conferva vulgaris (Rabenhorst) Kirchner
“Oyster Ulva”:Ulva lactuca L.
“Common Tree Lichenoides”:Usnea florida (L.) F. H. Wigg
“Branched Coraline Lichenoides”:Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm.
“Common Cup Moss”:Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.
“Grey, crusty Lichenoides”:Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman
“Oak Lungwort”:Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.
“Culster-headed Mnium”:Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwägr.
“Triangular Fontinalis”:Fontinalis antipyretica L. ex Hedw.
“Small headed Hypnum”:Racomitrium microcarpon (Hedw.) Brid.
“Small Polytrichum”:Pogonatum nanum Palisot de Beauvois
“Round-headed Bryum”:Bryum pseudotriquetrum P. G. Gärtner, B. Meyer & Scherbius
“Marsh Sphagnum”:Sphagnum palustre L.
“Upright Selago”:Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart.
“Common Lycopodium”:Lycopodium clavatum L.
“Broad-leaved Lichen”:Melanohalea olivacea (L.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch
“Hemispherick Mushroom”:Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
“Common Mushroom”:Agaricus bisporus (J. E. Lange) Imbach
“Reticulated Mushroom”:Morchella sp.
“Phalloide Mushroom”:Phallus impudicus L.
“Common Coraline”:Corallina officinalis L.
“Common Sea Fucus”:Fucus vesiculosus L.
“Sea Ragged Staff”:Alcyonium gelatinosum L.
“Grassy Alga”:Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F. Gray